There are various anti-toxic vaccines. The people were waiting for the inactivated vaccine, because it is made according to the classic proven technology and seems to cause fewer side effects.
Such vaccines are easy to do. They grow a lot of dangerous virus, and then scald it with some kind of chemical or high temperature.
The hereditary information inside such a virus deteriorates, and it can no longer cause infection. But, if you're lucky, such an inactivated virus will help build up immunity.
This trick is triggered when the vaccine manufacturer managed to damage the hereditary information inside the virus, but the proteins that our immunity will respond to are preserved.
Proteins spoil
In fact, it does not always work out so well. The way the virus is neutralized can also spoil the proteins. Then the antibodies obtained will not be quite suitable for the wild virus and will not be able to block it.
Few antibodies and aluminum
Inactivated vaccines usually weakly stimulate the immune system, and therefore you have to do two or three vaccinations, and also add an adjuvant (booster) like aluminum to the vaccine to spur this process.
Cellular immunity
It's even worse with him. Inactivated vaccines usually do not know how to do it. For cellular immunity, the virus must itself crawl into the cell. Well, or some RNA vaccine must carry the virus gene into the cell. This is when cellular immunity is best developed.
Too Much Protein
Let's say that the manufacturer was able to inactivate the virus so neatly that it didn't spoil anything useful. Then antibodies will be produced. But they will be produced not for one most cherished protein or virus receptor, but for different proteins. This is not always helpful.
Immunity will be distracted by the production of unnecessary antibodies. There is a chance to make the wrong antibodies that provoke antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.
Shorter
Inactivated vaccines may not work.
Read more of my articles about vaccines:
About different vaccines and first about the Sputnik, with which we became related yesterday
What's wrong with Epivac vaccine
About Chumakovskaya and Vektorovskaya vaccines, and about my third day with Sputnik
