Nutrition - is one of the main factors that affect our physical and mental development, and, consequently, to maintain good health. Malnutrition contributes not only to overweight or obesity, but other diseases associated with diet.
These include cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, tooth decay, osteoporosis and type II diabetes. The latter became the first among non-communicable disease, which has been recognized by the UN as an epidemic.
Diabetes mellitus relates to metabolic diseases, the main feature of which is hyperglycemia (increase in serum glucose), which is called defect in insulin secretion or action in the human body and can contribute to renal failure, serious cardiovascular complications or impaired vision.
The emergence and development
Type II diabetes usually occurs in middle-aged and elderly. However, more often appears in children and young people suffering from obesity. Among the causes of this disease, in addition to the genetic aspects, emit unhealthy lifestyle, namely, overweight and obesity, low physical activity, as well as, to a lesser extent, stress and aging body.
Obesity originally promotes insulin resistance have been associated with metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, lipids, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension. In turn, responsible for obesity, as already mentioned above, the wrong way of life and a way power, that is, the excess of the daily requirement of calories, high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol. Therefore, the correct balanced diet is the basis for the prevention of type II diabetes.
For long-term change in eating habits can be improved metabolic indicators - maintaining adequate lipid concentrations in blood serum, normal blood pressure, and hence of diabetes treatment. It is also proved that the normalization of glycemia in addition to appropriate diet in obese people and reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Advice on nutrition
The diet for people with type II diabetes must be installed individually, since it depends age, sex, height and weight, physical activity and, above all, on the course of the disease and the way it treatment.
Patients with normal body weight and mild physical or mental load recommended energy 30 kcal / kg of body weight per day. In contrast, diabetic obese should adhere BMI (body mass index) within 22-25. This is possible with the daily energy deficit at 500-1000 kcal with respect to the daily caloric needs, which allows to gradually reduce the body weight by about 0, 5 kg per week.
food distribution
An important part of the diet is the frequency diabetic meal and chunk size, particularly its content of carbohydrates. In this case, the basis of the menu should be foods with a low glycemic index (for example, whole grain breads, pasta wheat flour, buckwheat, green vegetables, tomatoes, raw carrots, apples, grapefruit, milk and low-fat dairy products). It is recommended that, in turn, limit the use of simple sugars and fats. In addition, should pay attention to the protein content in the diet. In the case of kidney disease daily protein intake should be reduced.
The best solution for patients with diabetes mellitus type II will also be subject to the following proportions: 45-50% of the energy must come from complex carbohydrates, 30-35% of fat, and the remaining 15-20% of proteins. Moreover, such a diet should meet the need for vitamins and minerals.
What are the difficulties encountered in the diet?
Study power diabetics, it follows that the principles of diet in patients observed an incomplete extent. The biggest challenge for patients was the regularity of meals, which caused blood glucose fluctuations.
Another difficulty is to limit the consumption of sweets and salt, the excess of which contributes to the development of hypertension.
The vast majority of patients indicate that the fried food is predominant in their diet, despite recommendations that the dishes should be boiled, steamed or stew.
Non-compliance with the rules of food preparation ensures that the diabetes treatment almost does not bring results. Thus, there is a real threat to the health and life of the patient. That's why still so important to promote best practices in the field of healthy nutrition and physical activity, and, Specifically, the principles of nutrition in diabetes, both among patients and among those who are at risk of developing such disease.
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