In the list of royal dynasties, endlessly battling for power in society and the title win, it included many influential and powerful families of the world. No exception, and has become the Qing Dynasty, began his reign, and relies on history, after the overthrow of its predecessors - the Ming Dynasty as a result of the peasant revolt in 1643.
This date begins the great era of the Qing government. Over the 268 years of its existence, the dynasty was replaced by 12 (!) Emperors, each of which has left its own individual "footprint" in history.
Pure gold: the roots of the great names
Initially, the dynasty was called "Late Jin", meaning - "gold", but with the arrival of the founder of the Manchu Empire Nurhaci Abahay, has been renamed to "Qing" - that is "clean".
This dynasty (1644-1912) - the last of China's imperial clan existed for about 300 years! The Management Board of the Empire took over Fulin (1644 - 1661) - the grandson Nurhaci, representative of the militant kind Aisin Gyory, captured the city of Beijing, who soon became the capital of China.
Just at the Dynasty has a second name - "Empire of the Great Qing" or "Manchurian Dynasty", which it owes to the people who founded it - the Manchus.
Silk Road: the era of prosperity
The first half of the reign of the new empire was the era of prosperity and peace, as well as the intense population growth, which has about 300 million people. The well-being of the country stood at Emperors in the first place and the people.
Particular attention was paid to agriculture, which has been adjusted due to the stability of the state, because the main part of the income went to the treasury. Of course, China at that time was the chief administrator of the authentic rarity, porcelain, silk, cotton and tea.
6-year-old Emperor
In 1661, the wise emperor Fulin died of smallpox, and came to power 6-year-old (!) Xuan (Kangxi). This great man was more than 30 children born from 64 wives, most of whom died from severe diseases. 61 years of Kangxi reign led about 50 rebellions, and spent a lot of reforms.
Having been thrilled by Confucianism, Emperor devoted much time to the Chinese culture and philosophy. This outstanding ruler of the Qing Dynasty personally composed and prepodnos 16 guidelines, in the form of the sacred commandments, which was laid all the basic essence of Confucianism. Rules for a long time and his seventh decade, the king died in 1722, leaving about his memories of the board, as the "era of prosperity and well-being."
Bonfires of books: dark time Qianlong
After the unexpected death of the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor Inchzhenya (according to rumors, as if he was poisoned) - came to power Aysingoro Qianlong, who ruled under the name of "Qianlong" for 59 years. Militant conqueror increased the area of the "Qing Empire" to a few million square meters, but caused serious damage to Chinese culture at that time. It is curious that while Qianlong was an avid collector of porcelain and jade.
It was banned many books with "obscene" content for the Emperor - that is, any criticism of the ruler. If such a book were their owners, disobedient to obey - executed. What was the outcome of Qianlong? At the age of 85 years, he abdicated, handing over the reins to his son, and cleared the way other emperors of the dynasty, have one after another for many centuries.
Female trail: insidious Empress Tzu-Sea
Ci-C set a record: never in China no woman ever to rule the country for almost 50 years. This is all the more surprising that the Ci-C does not belong to the royal family - she was born in the family of the Manchu mandarin, aged 16 years has passed competition concubines at the court of the emperor, and was credited with a staff of 3,000 lovers of the lowest fifth class. How did she manage to rise to the Empress?
Sly as a fox, Ci-C avidly read books from the library of the imperial court and persuaded her to hire teachers. As it picks up the mind-the mind, more subtle and virtuoso became her manners. Ci-C managed to bribery and deception gradually get to the elite, and after the birth of a boy, the heir to the Chinese throne, she actually became the ruler of China.
During the reign of Ci-C broke "Opium War", with the result that it was necessary to open five ports to trade with foreign countries.
Insidious Qi lost the Sino-Japanese war, spending money for the construction of the fleet on the marble palace Summer Palace. Outraged by this act Empress mercilessly executed, while sipping jasmine tea.
reign finals Ci-Xi was unenviable, her paralysis, and she died of dysentery in one day ...
End of an era
In the last years of its existence, the Qing dynasty kept the last effort trying to survive. Bullet in the collapse of their rule set "Xinhai Revolution" of 1911, when after the death of Ci-C was heir appointed her nephew Pu-I (1908-1912), later renounced his throne, having lost at the same time all the titles and exiled from countries. The Qing Dynasty fell.
