Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - inflammatory pathologies with impaired bronchial patency and changes in lung tissue.
The main symptoms are cough, expectoration of sputum, respiratory failure, bluish skin and mucous membranes.
In the diagnosis using bronchoscopy, spirometry, study the gas composition of blood.
Obstruction in general is able to cause severe damage. But in the early stages of the development of the described symptoms of the disease may be absent, or there are signs which are regarded patients as passing minor changes in the lungs and bronchial tubes, which are not the opinion of patients, high-grade symptoms disease.
The first signs of the described disturbances appear in the moderate stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They are:
· Local;
· are common.
Local symptoms of the disease are described:
· Cough;
· Sputum;
· Respiratory failure.
Features cough will be as follows:
· On the severity - minor, often in the form of a slight cough;
· On the rise - there quite early and as soon progresses;
· By type - an episodic irregular.
Characteristics of sputum, which in this case stands out will be the following:
· By number - from 10 to 50-60 ml per day;
· In character - mucosa under accession infectious agent - purulent;
· Consistency - fluid.
respiratory disorders manifested by shortness of breath. Its characteristics are as follows:
· On the rise - first with pronounced physical exertion, then at moderate, with subsequent progression of disease - in a state of rest;
· By type - usually expiratory (exhalation).
Common symptoms occur against a background of prolonged and / or progressive lesions. appear:
· General weakness;
· Feeling of weakness;
· Deterioration of physical and mental disability, and the children - a violation of school performance;
· headache;
· Sleep disorder - insomnia at night, sleepiness during the day.
Obtained two clinical types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
· Bronhitichesky;
· Emphysematous.
The main features bronhiticheskogo disease type are:
· Pus in the bronchi;
· Cough;
· Allocation of large amounts of purulent sputum.
This type progresses quickly - often patients suffer from a young age, some of them do not survive to middle age.
When Emphysematous type usually occur:
· Respiratory failure;
· Change the structure of the chest (it is like a barrel).
respiratory disorders manifested as expiratory dyspnea (difficult with exhalation and inhalation in most cases does not suffer).
This type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease more favorable in comparison with its bronhoticheskim type - patients live long, and in the elderly die from other causes.
Prevention of COPD
Major preventive measures of this disease are:
· to give up smoking;
· Avoidance of contact with various chemical aggressors to the respiratory tract;
· Avoidance of the influence on the respiratory occupational factors;
· Prevention, detection and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases which may be the background for the development described disorders;
· Accommodation in an ecologically safe environment.
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