It turned out that the topic is complex. Colleagues swear over this case. Nobody knows for sure.
And this is just the most important thing - no one knows for sure. Because even the manufacturer hasn't studied it.
That is, the manufacturer of Sputnik writes that its pharmacokinetics have not been studied. This means that the manufacturer knows exactly how the vaccine will affect the body, but does not know where this adenoviral vector will creep and where it will bend.
Let's start with the good. During the trial phase, vaccine manufacturers inject these vaccines into monkeys, usually in a vein and in gigantic doses. The monkeys can stand it. Better now, right?
Let's go further. Personally, I have studied to some extent the theory of these vector vaccines and found two official approaches. Both of them are based on the fact that intramuscular injections are needed for the drug to enter the bloodstream. Because there are many blood vessels in the muscle. These two ideas are:
- Experts write that the vector vaccine is injected into the muscle, and then the viral vector quickly enters the bloodstream.
- Experts write that the viral vector is injected into the muscle, makes the required protein there, which then enters the bloodstream in large quantities.
Let me explain right away on the second point. Here we are not talking about our own Sputnik, but some kind of gene preparation that inserts some gene into our cells, which will then make some kind of protein. So athletes use gene erythropoietin doping.
Sports doping
Erythropoietin is a hormone that causes our body to make more blood. It is beneficial for athletes.
When I was preparing patients with renal failure for hemodialysis, they also needed erythropoietin. Patients need the hormone itself, but advanced athletes used a gene preparation. Fantasy. The future has arrived.
So why am I... Athletes were injected with a viral vector into the muscle, and it was very mean in relation to anti-doping organizations, because they did not know which muscle was injected with whom. You won't find him later. The vector got stuck in the muscle and worked there. And only small portions of the finished hormone were already entering the bloodstream.
It turns out that the viral vector can get stuck in the muscle and not go into the bloodstream.
And again, so as not to be confused, I will say that it is erythropoietin from sports doping that will float in the blood, and the same spike protein that our cells will make with the Sputnik vaccine, it will remain on the very cage.
In fact, those adenoviral vectors that were used for anticancer vaccines are guaranteed to leak into the bloodstream from the muscle where they were injected. Maybe they leak a little, or maybe a lot. This is normal. The main thing is that in the muscle itself there is a process of developing immunity.
There is also an idea that the vaccine hardly enters the bloodstream from the muscle, but is absorbed into the lymphatic vessels and then goes to the lymph nodes, and immunity will work there along the way. But, in my opinion, the author of this idea went in the wrong direction. This medicine goes well into the lymph from a subcutaneous injection. And from the muscle it is quickly absorbed into the blood.
What good is it if the vaccine stays in the muscle
It turns out that if an adenoviral drug is injected directly into a vein, then this unfortunate vector can live there for only a few minutes.
Maybe it is blocked by antibodies, which we once developed when we met with wild adenovirus, or maybe some other mechanisms are connected. But the fact remains that it is unprofitable to inject such a vaccine into a vein, because it does not work.
It turns out that the vector vaccine is hiding in the muscle from antibodies that watch for it in the blood. Interesting idea.
In general, each virus behaves in our body in its own way. This adenovirus, on the basis of which the Sputnik vaccine was made, was supposed to attack our upper respiratory tract and only then enter the bloodstream.
If it is poured into a vein, then it instantly scatters throughout the body, but for some reason settles primarily in the liver and spleen. There are immune cells that will swallow it quickly.
So the virus will not spread evenly across our hearts, brains or testes, but will get stuck primarily in the liver. This is for the information of those who think that the vaccine will cause his heart to stop or melt his brain in the first place. No, even if the vaccine goes into the blood, it will be quickly filtered out.
Something a lot of information is obtained. Do you have any questions on this topic?
