There are on the African continent is a small country called the Republic of Chad, the bulk of which is desert and arid areas in the north and humid equatorial forest in the extreme south. The only more or less standing water body here - small, periodically dries up "the same name," lake into which empties into a large navigable river Chari.
For a long time, the country was a French colony and only gained independence in 1960. But, despite this, in the country are still ongoing war severely erode the economy. Almost 80% of the population of Chad are below the poverty line.
In 2000, Chad made a census of the population and according to the results, it was found that men in Chad only 40% and only 12% of people are literate. This is not surprising, because until 1942 only schooling can be obtained in Chad. If a person wanted to learn more, he had to go to the neighboring countries of Congo and Brazzaville. Just after independence chadovtsev secondary education became mandatory, and before that only 17% of the country's children went to school.
Based on the constitution, adopted in 1996, the government managed to structure the education system: there were kindergartens, where they can send their children as soon as he will be two years, and where he will stay until six years age. Within the system, these institutions have adopted the formula of division into three age groups - younger (2 to 4 years), medium (4 to 5 years) and preparatory.
Strictly speaking, kindergartens - this is what can be proud of the government of the Republic of Chad. These well-funded preschools, in groups other than repair and "all the conditions", fully staffed - excellent professionals. There is only one problem - the kindergartens throughout the country catastrophically not enough, in connection with this group, as a rule, much "overwhelmed." Run kindergartens, five days a week - three hours before lunch and the same after. In large cities, schedule several extended - from 9 am to 18.00.
After kindergarten kids "automatically" transferred to the junior school, where they learn from 6 to 11 years. Schools in Chad two types - public and private, the last visit almost 20% of children. Lessons begin and continue from 9:00 to 12:00 and 14:00 to 17:00 on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturday morning.
The following mean cycle, which is divided by the initial formation of the mean (with 11 to 18 years) and a final secondary (13 grade). Completed a mandatory training program with a state exam and the issuance of the bachelor's degree. After that, the students, if they wish, can enroll in university or college profile. By the way, the first university in the country was opened only in 1972.
There are two approaches to higher education in the republic: short and long. In the first case, the training time is only two to three years and is the most popular. If we compare this with our education, the closest comparison would be to study in college the way, in Chad is also called technical education.
A long cycle is more like a traditional university, where the student gets a deeper knowledge in their chosen profession.
It features a short cycle that can do only those who have a bachelor's high school diploma. But the university long cycle take all indiscriminately, and then to 40% of the students simply "filter out" the first courses.
The biggest problem of Chad schools - poor funding and as a result - an acute shortage of qualified personnel. In the class can learn up to 100 people and all subjects taught by one teacher!
In addition, despite the fact that the country has for a long time was a colony of France, the French language (the first official), almost no one knew, and only 7.5% of children knew little Arabic (second official language countries).
The Government has taken steps to develop a tailored training program, but the intention to resist civil war, which began in 1979, which brought to naught all efforts to organize the learning process population.
Only in 1983 is the school began to open again, and the University of N'Djamena earned only in 1984. However, a new civil war, which broke out in 2005, again takes over the possible financing of the education system of the republic ...
