Meconium - original feces, resulting in fetal intestines during fetal development. Normally he leaves after birth, has a dark green color, and a very thick consistency. But there are times when the meconium before birth departs in the amniotic fluid, and then there is the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome (SMA). What it is?
CMA - respiratory distress in newborns due to meconium inhalation. According to statistics, in premature infants it occurs very rarely, in term - 5-10%, with prolonged pregnancy (over 42 weeks) to 40%.
Why departs meconium before birth? The answer is simple: intrauterine fetal hypoxia in conjunction with other adverse factors cause amplification intestinal peristalsis, relaxing the anal sphincter, and as a result of meconium in the amniotic departs liquid.
Meconium is not seen until then, until the water recede and the doctor does not find that they were painted in greenish color. The danger is that in many meconium bile salts and proteolytic enzymes. When they get into the bronchi and alveoli there is chemical damage, which creates prerequisites additional bacterial flora and the development of tracheobronchitis and pneumonia.
At the time of the birth of a child with risk of meconium aspiration in the delivery room is obliged to be a neonatologist from the intensive care unit, ready to hold a series of operational actions, if necessary.
If a child is born an active, normal tone, shouting, it is left to the mother's breast, as he does not need help. If crumb screams and shows no activity, it immediately transferred to the resuscitation table for first aid. The most important thing in this case - can not bother the baby and stimulate respiration, because the doctor should first check the availability of meconium in the airways. This is carried out by means of direct laryngoscopy and vacuum suction.
If the apparent existence of meconium is not breathing adequately, medics return baby mother, but continued careful monitoring of the likelihood of respiratory failure symptoms: rapid breathing, moaning, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions intervals.
If the baby still, inhaled meconium and breathing is not restored, it will need respiratory support and treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Prevention of meconium aspiration is timely diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine hypoxia, as well as the prevention of pregnancy and perenashivanie proper conduct of delivery.
