1. Lack of visual perception
The child's brain does not analyze well the configuration of the letter itself, its constituent parts. He must analyze them, compare them with a certain sound. But if there is a problem with visual perception, then the letters get confused in the child's brain due to their similar elements.
2. Immaturity of visual-spatial perception
The elements of the letters are in a specific arrangement relative to each other. But if the child has problems with spatial perception, then again the image of the letter is not fixed in him, and the elements are confused.
3. Insufficiently developed visual memory
Normally, memorizing the elements of the letter and their location occurs automatically, but due to undeveloped visual memory, the child may need a long time for this.4. Deficiency of brain neurodynamics
This means poor concentration and a small amount of attention, low brain activity, the inability to be involved in the process for a long time. It is difficult for such a child to concentrate, analyze, he is constantly distracted, as a result, he does not remember information well.
What to do?
1. Connect games to learn the shape of the letter
To memorize the appearance of a letter, you can associate it with something familiar. For example, "b" is a squirrel with a raised tail. You also need to embody letters with the help of your favorite activities: drink from plasticine, lay out with beans or counting sticks, draw with crayons, twist with wire, make cookies in the shape of letters, build them from constructor.
Guessing the letter "written" with your finger on the back or in the air, completing the missing elements of the letter, searching for letters on store signs is also perfect.2. Develop visual perception
For this, search for objects in the picture or guessing by description, search for an object by shadow, search for an image by fragment, folding puzzles, finding differences between similar pictures, finding an extra item in a row, searching for items that look similar to letters.
3. Develop visual memory
Invite your child to memorize a few picture cards and then look for them among others. You can give a small picture to look at, and then ask the child about the details: what was drawn above, who was on the right, who was on the left, what he was holding in his hands, etc.
There is also a game for the whole family: one person leaves the room, at this moment the others hide or rearrange objects, change clothes, etc., then the driver must return and guess that has changed. You can play a simplified version if the child closes his eyes and you swap the toys or cards.
4. Develop visual-spatial functions
An excellent option for their development is the "twister" game, when, as instructed by the presenter, you need to put your hands and feet on circles of a certain color. If you do not have a field for playing, then you can play a "robot": an adult takes a "remote control" and commands a child - "robot" to take two steps to the right, one to the left, three jumps back, etc.
You can play treasure hunt on a pre-drawn map, where there are instructions on what to do. There are also games in which no inventory is required at all: name all body parts from the highest to the lowest, first list all body parts in front, then those behind. They develop well the spatial functions of playing sports, dancing and even just exercising with the pronunciation of what needs to be done.5. Monitor your child's energy levels
To keep the baby in good shape, he needs 10 hours of sleep, a stable daily regimen, walks in the fresh air, physical activity, sufficient drinking clean water, proper and balanced nutrition, massage, comfortable workplace, free time for games, healthy emotional family atmosphere.
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