A thrombus is a blood clot that can form in any location in the vascular system. The thrombus clogs the blood vessels, due to which the blood flow through them deteriorates - less blood flows to the organs and tissues, there is a deficiency of nutrients and hypoxia (oxygen starvation).
If a blood clot breaks off and migrates (moves) along the vascular bed, then this can lead to even more critical consequences: it clogs a vessel (a condition called thromboembolism), due to which blood circulation is sharp is violated.
Why do some processes occur in the blood, due to which a blood clot forms in the vessels? Thrombus formation is most often observed in cases such as diabetes mellitus (a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, which occurs due to a lack of the hormone insulin), obesity (deposition of adipose tissue in different parts of the human body), older and advanced age, physical inactivity (regular inactivity), disorders on the part of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood (their balance), surgical intervention (in particular, on the organs of the abdominal cavity and lower limbs). The risk of blood clots is especially high when these signs are combined.
One of the most common and significant reasons for the formation of blood clots is inactivity and low physical activity in general. When specifying the details of the anamnesis (history of development) of the disease, it turns out that such patients do not exercise, do not walk a lot, prefer passive active rest (spending time on the couch in front of TV). Even sporadic but prolonged periods of physical inactivity may matter. So, more than once cases of blood clots have been described in passengers of long-haul flights (from long flights - more than 7-8 hours, when a person must be forced to be in a seated position).
An update has been received on the main symptoms of a blood clot in the vascular lumen. It is published in the British Parliamentary Thrombosis Group's annual report for the past year. Such signs are discoloration of the skin, swelling, pain.
As for the change in the color of the skin, then in a patient with a thrombus, it acquires a bluish or reddish tint. This is the earliest sign that a blood clot has formed in the vessel.
Edema can occur in any part of the human body, but thrombus formation is indicated by those that have arisen in the soft tissues of the upper and lower extremities.
The pain that occurs during thrombus formation resembles convulsions of its characteristics - it has a peculiar wavy character (it increases, then subsides). In this case, the pains are: by localization - in the area of formation of a thrombus, by severity - quite noticeable.
Thrombus formation is easier to prevent than to rid the patient of it. The main preventive measures are physical activity, treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity and disorders of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems, wearing compression stocking.
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