Peptic ulcer disease or gastric ulcer (PUD) is the occurrence of defects in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Peptic ulcer disease, which affects more men than women, affects over 10% of the population.
Read to the end to get the most useful information.
A stomach ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the factors that protect the gastric mucosa and the factors that destroy it.
Correct blood supply to the mucous membrane, the ability to regenerate the epithelium, and the mucus produced protect the stomach and duodenum from damage. However, biological, chemical, or physical factors can weaken protective barriers and cause mucosal damage.
So, what are the reasons for the formation of stomach ulcers and what principles of nutrition should be followed for this disease?
Causes and factors of peptic ulcer disease
• infection with Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection
This bacterium is responsible for 80% of cases of peptic ulcer disease. Helicobacter pylori produces toxins that damage the mucous membrane and cause inflammation. In this case, there is an increased secretion of gastrin and hydrochloric acid, which leads to the formation of peptic ulcers (a defect in the area of the gastrointestinal mucosa),
• excessive secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid,
• stress,
• smoking,
• taking certain medications.
Peptic ulcer symptoms
• pain in the epigastric region that occurs within 1-3 hours after eating, as well as at night or in the morning,
• nausea
• vomiting
• heartburn.
The consequences of a peptic ulcer
The consequences of stomach ulcers can seriously threaten health and life. The most common complications are bleeding, perforation of the gastrointestinal wall, pyloric stenosis, peritonitis, and cancer.
Nutrition for peptic ulcer disease
The diet recommended for peptic ulcer disease is an easily digestible diet with restriction of foods that stimulate gastric acid secretion. The diet should ensure that the energy needs of the body are met and at the same time affect the decrease in secretion hydrochloric acid, as well as not cause mechanical, thermal and chemical irritation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum. Therefore it is necessary:
- stop drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco,
- do not drink coffee,
- eat regularly and fractionally (5-6 meals a day),
- do not eat hot food,
- exclude foods rich in fiber,
- avoid heat treatment (frying, stewing, baking, grilling),
- refuse smoked, pickled, salty and spicy foods,
- do not eat fatty foods.
Allowed Products
1. Cereals
Dried bread from wheat flour, semolina, corn, pearl barley, white rice, rice and oatmeal, light pasta.
2. Eggs
Boiled soft-boiled eggs, steam omelets, boiled scrambled eggs.
3. Milk products
Low-fat milk, curdled milk, low-fat cottage cheese.
4. Meat fish
Lean meat (veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey) and fish (cod, pike, bream). Lean meat and fish dishes cooked in foil or parchment.
5. Vegetables
Boiled vegetables (carrots, cauliflower, celery, beets, zucchini, peeled tomatoes, pumpkin),
6. Fruits and berries
Peeled or cooked fruits and berries (apples, apricots, strawberries, bananas, peaches, raspberries).
7. Fats
High quality ghee, butter, sweet cream, vegetable fats (sunflower, olive or linseed oil).
8. Spice
Soft spices (salt, dill, vanilla, marjoram).
9. Sweets
Sugar, honey, jams, jellies, puddings, cookies, meringues, yeast cakes.
10. Beverages
Weak tea, juices, still mineral water.
11. Soups
Soups based on vegetable broths, krupniki, milk and potato soups.
Prohibited Products
1. Cereals
Any fresh bread, rich bakery products, wholemeal bread (wheat, rye), wholemeal flour and groats (barley, buckwheat), wholemeal pasta, rye flour, French bread.
2. Eggs
Hard boiled and fried eggs.
3. Milk products
Kefir, yoghurt, yellow, blue and processed cheeses, sour cream, whole milk.
4. Meat fish
Dishes from fatty meat and fish, fried, stewed, baked, and bacon are not allowed.
- fatty meat (lamb, pork, duck, goose, game),
- fatty fish (salmon, halibut, eel, herring),
- meat offal (pates, ham, liver, kidneys),
- sausages and smoked meats, canned and marinated meat.
5. Vegetables
Vegetables with indigestible fiber, cabbage, peppers, onions, garlic, turnips, cucumbers, corn, and any mushrooms. Fried and French fries, potato pancakes, chips, dumplings.
7. Fruits and berries
Raw fruits with a high acid content and hard skin (pear, plum, cherry, citrus, dried fruit). In addition, nuts are not allowed.
8. Legumes
All are not allowed: peas, beans, beans, lentils, chickpeas.
10. Spice
Hot spices (vinegar, pepper, paprika, horseradish, chili, mustard).
11. Sweets
Sweets containing cocoa and nuts (for example, chocolate, halva), shortbread cookies.
12. Beverages
Cocoa, coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks, alcohol, energy drinks.
13. Soups
Heavy meat broths, soups from cabbage, beans, mushrooms, soups with sauce dressing, frying, sour cream.
