A lethal dose of pure alcohol for adult humans is 300-450 g, i.e. about 1 L of vodka. It is about 5-6 ppm.
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Alcoholism - a disease associated with alcohol abuse. Small amounts of alcohol improves the mood, gives energy, slows reaction to stimuli, increases self-esteem and self-confidence. Excessive and frequent use of it leads to irreversible consequences and severe addiction.
1. What is alcohol-based beverages
Ignorance, carelessness and improper use of alcohol entails negative consequences for the human body and the environment.
Alcohols are chemical compounds derived from hydrocarbons. Of the many alcohols, rotating in everyday life of people at the forefront ethanol. It is widely used not only as an intoxicant, but as a component of household chemicals.
Another frequently encountered alcohol is metanolol. It is a poison that is much more dangerous than ethanol. Admission small dose methyl alcohol up to 20 mg may lead to blindness, and over this figure - fatal. Distinguish ethanol from methanol is very difficult, since both alcohol have the same physical state, odor and color.
Of certain ethanol technologies produce alcoholic drinks of varying strength. For example, beer contains from 2% to 6% ethyl alcohol, wine - 8-15%, spirits such as vodka, whiskey, rum, within 40%. In the commercial product called "rectified spirit" alcohol fraction of not less than 96%, the remainder being water. For technical purposes produced denatured alcohol. This rectified spirit from the impurities of strong poisons that can not be removed at home.
2. The effect of alcohol on the body
Any substance may be a poison and a drug simultaneously. As aptly observed Theophrastus Bombast von Hoenheym: "Everything is poison and nothing is poison. Only the dose determines that a substance is not a poison. "
Effect of alcohol on the body depends on:
● amount of alcohol consumed;
● concentration;
● the age of the consumer;
● gender (women are more sensitive to ethanol than men);
● general physical form;
● weight and height;
● resistance intoxication (drugs, illness, fatigue and increased susceptibility to fatigue alcohol).
3. How does alcohol
For a young boy or girl, even a small dose of ethyl alcohol is harmful. Athletes know that after one glass of beer they will have a few days of intensive training to recover lost strength.
In cases of adult small dose of alcohol, for example, a glass of wine drunk at meal time, stimulates the central nervous system and facilitates the metabolism. However, a large amount of ethanol toxic. He detrimental effect on the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and liver.
The first action of alcohol symptoms occur within a few minutes after consuming a small dose. Man embracing a special condition. He blunted response and waning attention, he starts smeleet and simplistic thinking becomes more eloquent and easy to make new contacts. Enjoyed it a model of behavior requires continuous and pushes it to the next dose.
Subsequent doses cause in the prioritization: speech disorder, reduction of logical thinking, ataxia (at this stage drinkers commit a criminal offense), then vomiting, complicating further the consumption of drinks, and finally a dream or death. According to statistics, one out of 7,000 cases of intoxication ends lethally. The systematic use of even small amounts over time leads to addiction.
4. Processing of alcohol in the liver
Human liver enzyme produces alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which converts ethanol to acetaldehyde. It in turn is oxidized to acetic acid, and then to carbon dioxide and water.
Adult liver converts ethanol was about 10 g per hour, which corresponds to approximately 12% of the wine glass, 0.5 L 4% of beer or a glass of vodka. The process itself takes place with the participation of oxygen necessary for the oxidation of fats. Therefore, the more alcohol in the body, the more oxidized fats that accumulate in the liver. For this reason, dependent alcoholics liver looks like fatty tissue.
5. Everyday problems of alcoholism
With alcohol consumption associated with a number of social problems: the destruction of families, demoralization of children, financial difficulties, violence against family members, and problems with the law. In a drunken state more often committed serious crimes, such as thefts, robberies, fights and murders.
Alcohol abuse is the second most common cause of premature death. Statistical person consumes an average of 13 liters of pure alcohol per year. From year to year it has been steadily declining age of alcohol initiation - all common to see young "lovers" strong drinks. Statistics show that every third pregnant woman drinks. And although the press, television, and doctors are sounding the alarm, speaking of the fatal consequences of people ignoring their arguments.
6. Alcoholism as a Disease
International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 recognizes alcoholism as a kind of mental and behavioral disorders.
Alcoholism as a disease is expressed through psychological and physical dependence. The alcoholic feels an inner compulsion to drink, which is not subject to his will. To reduce discomfort after termination of alcohol and again indulging dependent forced to adopt "additive". Thus, a vicious circle from which it is difficult to escape.
Patients with alcoholism loss of appetite, which can lead to malnutrition. They disrupted the heart is weakened and exhausted body, and there are various psychiatric disorders such as psychosis Korsakov (gross impaired memory), there is no self-control and the will. Alcoholism ends in death as a result of irreversible liver damage.
Children at a young age are addicted to alcohol, often exhibits a serious mental disability (formerly called debilizmom).
7. How to identify alcoholism
Over the past decades have seen a sharp increase in the number of consumed intoxicating substances, including alcoholic beverages. The trend is exacerbated as a result of a busy lifestyle of modern man. Contrary to the stereotype that alcohol - a problem of people of so-called social bottom, this trouble does not shy away from those who enjoy a high status in society.
Addiction to alcohol - a disorder in which a person feels a strong need for constant drinking, because only she It allows it to continue to function properly, it becomes his only way to experience pleasure and avoid pain, stress or anxiety.
The most characteristic symptoms of alcoholism
● impaired ability to control drunk;
● craving and compulsive need to consume alcohol;
● increase tolerance consumed doses;
● withdrawal (withdrawal) - muscular tremors, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, insomnia, dysphoria, anxiety, excessive sweating, tachycardia, hypertension;
● the desire to drink, to stop the withdrawal symptoms, regardless of the arguments about the dangers of alcohol;
● neglect important areas of social life, family and professional responsibilities.
8. The types of alcohol dependence
The concept of alcoholism was introduced by Magnus Huss in 1849. In 1960 there was a publication of the American doctor Alvin Morton Jellinek "The concept of alcoholism as a disease," in which he showed in detail the development of alcohol dependence. Jellinek identified 4 basic stages:
1. Doalkogolnaya stage (pre) - the beginning of a character depending on the traditional style of alcohol consumption. Gradually increasing tolerance dose, and one finds that due to drinking are felt not only a pleasant experience, but also to smooth out the negative emotions.
2. Stage warnings - appear palimpsety, that is, memory gaps.
3. Critical stage - the loss of control over the use of alcohol.
4. Chronic stage - multi-day binges.
Other typologies proposed committee of experts on alcohol of the World Health Organization (WHO). According to this classification, alcohol dependence, divided into:
1. Irregular use of alcohol - short episodes of alcohol abuse, separated by long intervals of abstinence;
2. Regular consumption of alcohol - the systematic use in very large quantities, but even without loss of control;
3. Alcoholism - mental and physical dependence on alcohol consumption along with the loss of control, ie, chronic intoxication;
4. Inconclusive Alcoholism - excessive alcohol consumption during mental disorder or due to other psychological problems.
Important to remember!
It should be borne in mind that alcoholism is not completely cured. Even long-term abstinence does not guarantee that the former alcoholic does not return to the old. the process of recovery from alcohol disease is very long and complex. It depends primarily on the desire and firm will of the person concerned, and requires intensive work on the part of not only the patient but also his family and loved ones. Sobriety is possible, therefore, use the help of professionals, and do not give up the fight for his life.
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