Today we begin a series of articles on education systems in different countries of the world. Let's start with India - the country with a rich history, which is a paradox that the Ancient India and India during the British colonies was not only a highly developed, and the mega-formed territory. In those days, in fact, paid great attention to education of the population. However, it concerns only the privileged castes. They received the broadest and deepest knowledge of all the known disciplines. It is thanks to this approach, many Indian scientists have turned science.
For example, the decimal system of calculation with the use of zero, which we use today come from ancient India, and the numbers that we call the Arab, in fact, India. The famous Indian mathematician Aryabhata, who lived around IV - VI century, already knew that the number "pi" is - 3.1416. The very first school of medicine (Ayurveda) is from India, and the navigation system of navigation also come from this country. And this, believe me, is not a complete list.
But again, the science was only available for members of the upper castes. Simple population was forced to fight for survival through a serious, often quite unbearable labor, balancing on the brink of extreme poverty and the most perfect poverty. Actually, this situation is maintained and have modern India, in spite of the efforts that the country's leadership is working to eradicate the caste division.
Today, in India, there are public and private schools and universities. In private institutions the educational level is much higher. If parents want to give the child "the way to a decent future," they should just attend to before the birth of offspring, and try as much as possible, to be able to pay the tuition.
Pre-school education (in the conventional sense) in India is not. The child sits at home with his mother until, until it is time to go to school. Actually, my mother, and is engaged in its development. If parents are unable to be at home, the baby transferred to relatives. If there are none, or they can not (or do not want) to take to her baby, the parents are forced to turn to the so-called kindergarten. In fact, this is just a small group on the basis of preparatory schools, which are funded from the state budget.
I'll tell you: the main advantage of these groups is that children attending them at the end are automatically enrolled in the first grade, which is arranged on the basis of a "kindergarten". If the child goes to school, "home", its share will fall rather complex tests. For example, the future Indian first-grader should know English and Hindi, to be able to write on these languages, basic words, count to 100 and perform basic calculations within these digits. Only after the child tests will take place, with the above regulations, he will be enrolled in the first grade.
But back to the "podgotovishkam", which are divided into four groups according to age. First «play group» kids come from two years. Since there are no classes, except for the game, they do not have to attend such a group is not necessary.
The second group - «nursery group» (nursery group) and her visit is already mandatory. In this group, the children begin to learn.
The third group - «lower kindergarten». There go the children five years of age who already know English alphabet, some letters of Hindi and know how to count to 100.
The fourth group - «upper kindergarten». After her child can easily go to school, because already knows full alphabet Hindi can write a few words in the English language and be able to produce simple mathematical calculations with numbers up hundred.
But the problem is that, firstly, these little groups - banal lack of schools in the country. And secondly, the vast majority of parents in India still believe that children learn there is no need. Well, or simply do not have the ability to let go of their child's lessons. Children in this country very early start to work because their parents are often difficult to ensure that the whole family itself. Therefore, here, despite the current age of progress, many in India just do not know the characters and can not read.
As I have said, in the two types of schools in India - both private and public. In the last free training and the quality of knowledge that children receive, respectively, is extremely low. From a private school child goes holder of vast knowledge, including knowledge of at least three languages (Hindi, the language of his native state, and English. Sometimes, the program includes the study of choice for the study of foreign languages, German, French and Sanskrit). English in India - mandatory for the study. Most of the books printed in this language.
Classes in public schools are formed of 45 - 50 students, while in private - 25 - 30. Pupils of public schools are required to come to class dressed in a special form: for girls - long dress, for boys - shirt and shorts. In private schools dress code is personal.
The academic year in India begins in April (the exact date of each school determines for itself). Students go to school six days a week. When it is the hottest time of the year (May-June), students go on their first vacation. Next vacation - in December. It completed the school year in March next year.
Duration of lessons in the first grade is 30 - 40 minutes. The school day usually formed of seven lessons, plus a few extra hours are devoted to physical development. Sport, which will be engaged in, the student chooses independently.
General secondary education in India is divided into two stages: up to eighth grade students study general subjects, specialization starts after the eighth grade. In other words, the students selected items associated with future profession and begin to study the profile depth. Strictly speaking, it can be assumed that after the end of a private school, the student comes with a real certificate of secondary education. However, most parents often take their children after the eighth grade, believing that it is enough lower secondary education. Some may then send the children in vocational schools of different profiles, and if I had a family decides to finish her studies at all - and is happening.
But there is something in common between the public and private schools, namely - free food. Of course, there is no restaurant does not offer a child menu, but also hungry Indian students just do not go. And one more interesting feature I want to mention here: the vast number of Indian teachers - men.
Estimates as such in India, does not exist. Pupil, in general, can not attend classes, but twice a year is required to pass an examination of knowledge. Examinations in all schools in all subjects in India - Written tests are evaluated on a 100-point scale.
After graduating from high school, provided that the family is able and willing to continue the education of the child, the Indian education system offers a choice of more than two hundred institutions of higher education of various profiles, from which the student will be able to go get a few degrees - bachelor, master and the doctors. On a par with universities are very popular technically oriented colleges and schools.
In addition, the country has several narrow-profile higher education institutions, which are studying the culture of India, the music, the language and Bengali tagorovedenie. The most prestigious is the universities of Calcutta, Mumbai, Delhi, Rajasthan. However, 50% of students - foreigners.
Well, as we see, India in their approach to education (as, indeed, and everything else) - a country of contrasts. There are some people quite easily live without knowing the letters, while others can not imagine life without a deep knowledge. It was in India, like nowhere else, a man comes to the realization that life is not always the choice depends only on the willingness or ability. Sometimes, estate and financial situation are more important than talent, bestowed heaven.
