Integral process for the formation of society is taking place from the word "bildung", which translated from German means "image". It is directed at training and education, not only people, but also the entire state as a whole, as a result of which man is revealed as a person, as well as acquiring certain skills, norms, values and knowledge. To understand more the sense of learning and to understand the role and the place it occupies in the modern world, we analyze the evolution of the education system.
Initially, the person training was carried out at home, handed down from the older generation to the younger. Children acquire the knowledge, skills and experience of parents through daily activities and communication: learning to cook food, to invent tools, sculpt dishes, graze livestock, as well as to study dance, action and cult rites.
Later, with the emergence of new states when invented writing and mathematical symbols, the need for educated people with special knowledge and skills. This was the impetus for the sudden coup in the specific training that require special preparation and organization. The first thing to be teachers, who know a lot about learning, and secondly, it was necessary to build a special institution, the children were able to get them the necessary education.
That is exactly what appeared the first specialized educational institutions in Egypt and Babylon, based on ancient oriental system of education about III thousand years BC. There were taught to read and write, writing, math, religion, mythology, gymnastics and music. These schools were called "Houses of tablets" in Babylon "Houses clerks" in Egypt - their library is considered the center of culture, because they were equipped with valuable cuneiform texts. Education in these institutions began with 5 -7 years, and ended at the age 20-25let. Late, bad behavior and sloppy handwriting widely used corporal punishment, which was considered the norm, so that the child grew disciplined and obedient.
In ancient times the education system began to gain momentum, and there were large "school", which translated from Greek means «schole» - a place where you can celebrate your leisure and rest. In the schools of Greek education system, there are three types of education: Spartan, Athenian and Roman.
In Sparta all schools are public, includes military education - the same for all children, both boys and for girls, the main purpose of which was to prepare physically strong, tough and courageous "warrior-defender". The children were brought up at the school from birth to 18 years, getting an education there in all disciplines, obedience skills and ability to overcome difficulties.
In Athens school education, only boys, girls were educated at home. All of the Athenian school were private - are taught to write on wax tablets conventional sticks, take it with your fingers, accounts and stones, singing and dancing. The main objective of this training was to raise a perfect, well-developed and comprehensive moral, personality.
In ancient Rome, the main value is the state, not the person's identity. As a result of the social and class differentiation in the country, training was divided into two types: fee-paying schools for the average population, which taught writing, arithmetic and reading, and grammar schools for the upper classes, in-depth study of philosophy, rhetoric, Greek and Latin languages. Children of the lower classes were sent on a long term study skills and skills to artisans, merchants or merchant.
In addition, the Greek education system existed rhetorical schools teaching astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and the ability to conduct debates and discussions. These schools later became state institutions, and teachers, thanks to this, began to receive a monthly allowance for their labors.
ancient times served as an initial step for the development of education in the Middle Ages, which we will discuss next time.
