Symptoms and first aid for acute myocardial infarction

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Why is it so important to immediately seek medical help without waiting for a few hours until the pain will pass on their own, he says likar.info

Read to the end to get the most useful information.

Heart attack
Heart attack

Myocardial infarction - severe form of coronary heart disease. During myocardial disturbed blood flow in the coronary artery, whereby cardiac muscle cells are no longer supplied with oxygen and die (necrosis of the heart muscle portion occurs).

Cause blood disorders or that portion of the myocardium may be thrombus or coronary spasm of the vessel. In this pain may be poorly expressed in connection with lesions of peripheral nerves in such diseases as diabetes mellitus.

Typical signs of heart attack

Often heart attack is preceded by frequent bouts of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease. However, blood flow disturbance can occur in the background of well-being.

Heart attack
Heart attack

Typical pain during myocardial

  • duration - not less than 15-20 minutes,
  • nitroglycerin treatment did not help to reduce the pain or remove it completely,
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  • the pain is localized behind the breastbone,
  • pain are burning, crushing or compressing character,
  • pain may be constant or intense undulating (ie, decreases the amplified again)
  • the pain may spread to the jaw, neck, left arm, shoulder, and the space between the shoulder blades.

Associated symptoms

In addition to pain following symptoms observed during a heart attack:

  • weakness,
  • dizziness,
  • sticky and cold sweats,
  • general pallor of the skin,
  • vomiting or nausea.

When a large area of ​​destruction of the heart muscle shows signs of cardiogenic shock:

  • marble skin color,
  • cyanosis of the lips and limbs,
  • difficulty in determining the pressure and pulse.

Atypical heart attack symptoms

  1. Asthma - shortness of breath, feeling short of breath, choking, similar to asthma attacks.
  2. Gastralgicheskie - abdominal pain (usually in the upper sections), belching and hiccups, nausea, or vomiting.

By atypical clinical presentation also includes the localization of back pain, spine, the right half of the thorax. Due to the fact that heart attack symptoms are extremely varied, any unusual symptoms observed in patients coronary heart disease should be regarded as symptoms of a possible heart attack, requiring immediate treatment to specialists.

First aid for heart attack

If there is reason to suspect the symptoms of myocardial infarction (old age, established earlier diagnosis of "coronary heart disease", a family history, typical symptoms), then before the arrival of ambulance crews can give the patient a tablet of aspirin in a dose of 300 mg, which should be chew.

Staff teams should definitely report it.

In step emergency medical assistance before the admission of oxygen to the patient will, make anesthesia (if strong pain using morphine) and to stop the process of thrombus formation will give a high dose antiplatelet agent (acetylsalicylic acid) and anticoagulants.

Why can not hesitate to call for help

The sooner the patient will be admitted to the hospital, the event will start faster Restoration of blood flow and, therefore, the greater the area of ​​the myocardium can be maintained intact.

In turn, the affected volume (necrotic, ie necrotic) myocardium directly affects the outcome disease: the larger the area of ​​necrosis of the heart muscle, the greater the risk of developing severe heart failure and of death.

The most effective treatment of acute myocardial infarction in reducing the risk of death is a stent (mesh frame of) inside the vessel - intracoronary stenting.

Important to remember!

The most favorable prognosis in the future are those patients who had stenting was performed in the first three hours after the onset of symptoms. That is why it is important to immediately seek medical help without waiting for a few hours until the pain will pass on their own.

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